SolarLinks

back to http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Sasecurity#Energy_notes SolarAcademicLinks

Working solution
See Energy_Links for the solution based on research notes.

solar video 12kwh
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTvAL7ty53M&feature=related large mirror array with gaps in between, known as a Fresnel mirror array - FMA. Construction is a flat square(4x4m) divided into grids with square tubes. Each individual square mirror(silicon glued to a metal bracket mounted on a 1/4inch diameter, 20cm length threaded bolt) is focused in turn on a central focal point by bending each bolt with a bending tool. The bolts are spaced down the length of each tube a set distance between each other. A counter balance behind the mirror array is made with suitable weight(sleeper wood). The mirror array and counter balance pivots on a large triangular base(1m height) in the video.

This focused energy heats a steam boiler with 12 gallons of water to 430PSI. In the video the steam drives a two piston steam engine from Steam_Engines3 that turns a 12Kwh generator. Mike Brown also sells plans for a mini-steamplant to recycle the hot vented steam from the steam engine.

A white bent shroud metal reflector is placed on top of the boiler to reflect back rays onto the boiler that escaped past it. Ideas for the construction were taken from
 * Redrok_solar_links First publication of Fresnel solar furnace.
 * Redrok_solar_links Construction plans for a 4x4m solar Fresnel furnace derived from Carnutt.
 * Redrok_solar_links
 * Openfarmtech
 * http://www.tinytechindia.com/solar6kwtp.htm
 * Solarfire They have an alternative solution than Teton and Carnut, with 6x6m fresnel array on the ground that is safe to use in residential areas, where the Teton isn't. Both http://raw-solar.com/ and Solarfire use a technique where hard mirrors are actually bent. An alternative to this is to bend square plastic, covered with Reflectech Reflective Material. Bending the mirror results in reduced focal point, but isn't strictly necessary. Teton design didn't bend any individual mirrors.

A single heat absorbing element like a boiler(solar tower) as shown in the video is preferred above the parabolic trough idea. Troughs are difficult to make.

Hydrogen is produced with the 12Kwh generator for a FuelCell which can be used to build an electric car.

http://www.Solarfire.org links
moved to Solarfire

Salt melting assembly
moved to Thermal storage

Solar pole in yard
Place a long eskom type pole in the residential yard dig a hole with post hole digger emulating the Spanish solar farm idea,due to reduced residential space. Place helio-stat type mirrors on the roof but small to minimize wind loading and aim this at the pole top. The top is synthetic oil heated to 400 degrees Celcius with fresnel and cpc combination. See the links from Residential water heating with Fresnel lens on using hot oil to cook, boiling water and geysers.

cooking
http://cafe.daum.net/wolfgangscheffler cooking design, water heating

http://blog.yahoo.com/_3PY3QMODJESZPB2AG3DRLSXTZA/articles/165137 triple junction solar cell and fresnel lens 

peswiki
http://peswiki.com/index.php/Stirling_Engine

http://www.mech.canterbury.ac.nz/research/stirlingcycle.shtml University research

http://www.steamengine.com.au/index.php/search/stirling?ordering=newest&searchphrase=all Stirling engine plans

Solarfire parabola
moved to Solarfire

Solar Trough Water Heater by George Plhak
Description of a self built solar tracking parabolic trough water heater by the designer/author. Detailed plans are offered. Made mostly with local materials and common shop tools:

Author's blog about the project: Timelapse videos of the system in operation: Frequently asked questions:
 * http://www.ffwdm.com/solar/solar-index.htm
 * http://georgesworkshop.blogspot.com/
 * youtube.com/user/georgeplhak
 * http://www.ffwdm.com/solar/FAQ.htm

Solar trough by Sonca

 * http://www.soncna-energija.si Note the way the parabolic trough is constructed by breaking it into six sections.

Solar Cooling System

Q: How does Solar Cooling System work?

A: Solar Cooling System works on WATER - AMONIA liquid.

Q: What is the efficiency of Solar Cooling System?

Solar island
http://hackedgadgets.com/2009/12/17/solar-mirror-array-steam-engine-drives-12kw-generator/#

http://solar-islands.com/

http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=FRrXAAAAEBAJ&dq=solar+island+nolaris

Builditsolar.com
http://www.builditsolar.com/Projects/Concentrating/concentrating.htm

http://www.builditsolar.com/References/HPOptions.htm

Issue 105 Home Power Magazine. How to build a 1200F solar coffee bean roaster. Certainly one of the highest and best uses for solar power!

http://www.aquaflector.com/

Homepower.com
solar energy magazine http://homepower.com/home/

books on solar
http://www.powerfromthesun.net/Chapter9/Chapter9new.htm#9.2%20%20%20%20Compound%20Parabolic%20Concentrators%20%28CPC%29

sunseeker: BEST SOLUITION
Option solution:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyRk4QO8_6Y video shows a grid of small fresnel lenses in one large block all focused on small PVC cells. This is a better solution than stirling engine because a stirling is only 4x more efficient than unconcentrated PVC cells.

Sunseeker Energy http://www.sunseekerenergy.com has established itself as an ethical green business committed to developing new generation solar and hybrid power technologies for sustainable energy use throughout the world.

Sunseeker Energy's Concentrator Solar Transducer Systems are more powerful yet they are also more energy efficient than conventional flat panel solar energy units. Conventional flat panel products operate at efficiencies far lower than concentrator systems, with a typical figure being in the order of 15%. Sunseeker Energy concentrating photovoltaic solar collectors have been independently verified at efficiencies up to 38%. producing 300 Watt/Square meter of pure power. Here's the Press Release: http://www.webtrafficguy.com/solarnews

OPTIONS

 * Use the concentric rings or slats from svtti.com to heat oil as per http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/StirlingEngine#Solar_steam_turbine and http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Residential_water_heating_with_Fresnel_lens


 * Use arrays of 1x1m heliostats as per http://www.practicalsolar.com/, but instead of using his flat mirrors used bended plastic mirrors as per http://www.solarfire.org/tech/helios/helios.html or even better the SoharaDotOrg concept.

Place the SoharaDotOrg or on residential roofs, focusing the light on water cooled PV cells. PV cells combined with concentrated sunlight are more efficient than StirlingEngine. Stirling Engines are four times as efficient as unconcentrated PV cells, but won't work with hazy weather, where PV cells will still operate. After sunset Stirling engines are used to generate electricity from hot oil as per Residential water heating with Fresnel lens.

The http://www.practicalsolar.com/ heliostat has 8 mirros the 9th center mirror is removed for a clamp. The mirror steering electronics design are from http://www.redrok.com/led3xassm.htm.


 * The heliostats with bended square mirrors inside.
 * 2cm air gaps between individual mirrors to reduce wind loading.
 * Much less torque and motor size needed to focus helio stat mirrors.
 * Focus an array of heliostats onto a parallel FresnelLens which in turn channels the energy into a fiber cable.
 * A collection of 8 mirrors are steered by the drivers and not every single mirror needs to be manipulated.

Genei Interlocking solar Concentrator and Stirling Engine
http://genei.us/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HThVyMA8Jw&feature=related

Genei "Solar Eye" Concentrator Dish powers a Stirling Engine for electric generation. Target ring temperature 450 to 500 degree temperature with Stirling engine running. For large scale utility generation, Genei series of patent protected "Solar Eye" Concentrator Dishes are more effiecient, lighter, cost less and easier to construct compared to glass based dishes. www.genei.us Genei is a technology licensing company. Our patent protected interlocking, load bearing design with good, better and best mirror elements affirms our leaddership position after 30,000 worldwide patent searches. Because our patent protected interlocking and load bearing construction Genei solar eye concentrators are easily scalble to large utility applications.

Journals and federal labs
http://www.ises.org/ises.nsf

http://www.ises.org/shortcut.nsf/to/sej

http://www.nrel.gov/solar/news/2010/901.html Over a period of many months, NREL conducted a number of optical tests on the new, lightweight SkyTrough, a parabolic trough collector developed by SkyFuel. NREL engineers worked with SkyFuel engineers to identify areas of the reflector in need of attention. After a series of improvements, test results on NREL's Optical Efficiency Test Loop, combined with heat loss results from our receiver test lab showed that the new design has a high performance comparable to that of the best glass mirror modules.

http://www.skyfuel.com/#/OUR%20PRODUCTS/SKYTROUGH/

http://www.schottsolar.com/global/ heat absorbing tubes

http://www.svvti.com/links.htm

rotary heat engine
http://www.davinci-mode.co.jp/e/technology.html Rankine cycle, Tokyo university

Hydrogen production
http://www.gizmag.com/fukai-hydrogen-extraction-process/16674/

laser
http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-10/lockheeds-new-fiber-laser-packs-punch-inverse-prism

2-5kW Stirling engine
* http://sites.google.com/site/scarboroughsite/Home/HomemadePower/distribute-power Ques:A big challenge for this idea is the availability of a robust, cost effective, lightweight Stirling cycle engine in the 2-to-5kW range designed for use with solar heating. While there is a fair amount of information on the web about the cycle and history, these engines are specialized components and it's almost impossible to find commercially available examples. It seems as though you have to build one yourself if you want one. Designing and building a Stirling cycle engine for this application is no simple feat! For maximum efficiency you need to place the engine/generator combo at the prime focus of a parabolic reflector. This demands lightweight construction. Lightness and compactness require a high cycle efficiency, and this in turn requires a large temperature difference between the hot end and the cool end plus an effective regenerator to transfer heat between the compression and expansion processes. This has got to be difficult, otherwise why are they so hard to find?

Answ: Use parabolic troughs or fresnel lenses to heat up oil in a thermal battery. Pump the hot oil around the stirling engine, it thus won't need to be focused at the focul point of a parabolic lens.

PVC cells
http://www.fibercellinc.com/

http://www.pyronsolar.com/index.html from http://sites.google.com/site/myhomesolar/articles/top-10-solar-technologies

http://www.popularmechanics.co.za/content/news/singlepage.asp?key=994

http://www.optoiq.com/index/photonics-technologies-applications/lfw-display/lfw-article-display/2856367186/articles/laser-focus-world/volume-46/issue-7/newsbreaks/wake-forest_patents.html A new type of potentially low-cost solar cell that is twice as efficient as traditional organic solar cells—and may even rival silicon flat-panel cells—has been patented by research professors in the Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials at Wake Forest University (Winston-Salem, NC). FiberCell, a Winston-Salem spinoff of the nanotechnology center, has already licensed the technology for commercialization and has successfully fabricated lightweight and flexible solar-cell modules using inexpensive roll-to-roll and spray-on techniques.

http://www.innovalight.com/technology.html

http://www.jasolar.com/

Korea stirling engines
http://www.heliostat.co.kr sun tracking device with motors etc.

http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&sl=ko&u=http://www.heliostat.co.kr/2.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dstirling%2Bengines%2Bkorea%2Bsite:.co.kr%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26as_qdr%3Dall&rurl=translate.google.co.za&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhh2KmCAR3agVkBp3Ru3-reFcB1W3g

sun tracking with fresnel lenses, various designs

Solar heat exchangers and WORKING TURBINES http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&sl=ko&u=http://www.heliostat.co.kr/new-page-42.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dstirling%2Bengines%2Bkorea%2Bsite:.co.kr%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26as_qdr%3Dall&rurl=translate.google.co.za&twu=1&usg=ALkJrhgw84vM0jgQyn2G6t2PYmQ8E4E4yw

Energy Innovations
http://www.energyinnovations.com/ Sunflower fresnel lenses

Patent 6959993 http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=MJMUAAAAEBAJ&dq=6959993 Adjust lenses individual

http://www.google.com/patents?id=cZ-rAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4#v=onepage&q&f=false Group lens adjustment

http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=jI1-AAAAEBAJ&dq=%22Energy+Innovations%22

http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=6k_IAAAAEBAJ&dq=%22Energy+Innovations%22

Open farm tech
moved to Openfarmtech

Black poly-pipe
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBAi_TVNaiM&feature=channel Black poly pipe on roof generates hot water.

heat pump
http://www.howhot.co.za/home.html

Reflectech
moved to Reflective_Material

Qalovis 38kw Stirling Engine
moved to QalovisStirling

Thermal battery powering Stirling engine
moved to Whispergen entry

Hydrogen production
http://www.esolar.com/

Use sun energy to generate hydrogen for fuel cells.

yahoo groups

 * http://yahoogroups.com/group/HotAirEngineSociety
 * http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/sesusa/

The realisation of that process can be found at the Fast Track page of the Communicable Insight website created by Dr. Allan J. Organ author of several seminal books about the Stirling engine. We are now discussing the construction of engines using this chart based design process. We are NOT discussing the process itself.

If your pursuit of an engine can be satisfied with a kinematic air/Nitrogen or Hydrogen charged engine which has the GPU-3 as the prototype, then you are in the right place.
 * http://web.me.com/allan.j.o/Communicable_Insight/FastTrack.html

There are numerous heat engine cycles of a similar nature to the Stirling process. Typically these are called “Hot Air Engines” of which a subset of those are classified as LTD Stirling engines (LTD = Low Temperature Differential). If this is your area of interest, you are invited to join the HotAirEngineSociety (HAES) list at YahooGroups as a place to start ( http://yahoogroups.com/group/HotAirEngineSociety).

Rick metioned it, and I repeat it now. The APAIR.Bells layout can mimic the gas-phasing relations common in Alpha's but in a pure Beta engine. This includes Delta P what is related to a high Delta T. What most did not read in the document is that it can  easely be configured as any Beta type, ofcourse its a Beta. The drive-train proposed on the Allan.O.J site is the one mentioned in the APAIR.Bells document (page 3 end of section 3.1). U.S. patent 4,546,663 Oct. 15, 1985; Drive linkage for Stirling cycle and other machines James G. Wood, Sunpower INC. It lacks the fine tuning of the lateral deviations at point T Zig, Rick and me came up with. At point S the motion is a simple arc

DIY stirling
moved to stirling steele

Question assumptions
http://www.stirlingengine.com/faq/one?scope=public&faq_id=1#9 "....Q: Where can I get a 5 to 25 kW Stirling engine for my house, car, boat, etc. that will run on any fuel from cow chips to sunshine and be price competitive with a Honda generator of the same capacity?

While it would be very nice if such an engine existed at a price per kW that is competitive with gasoline or diesel engines, that probably isn't realistic at first. Gasoline and diesel generators are manufactured by the millions. When a 5 to 25 kW Stirling engine design first reaches the market it will initially be manufactured in much lower quantities and so undoubtedly will cost more per kW than competitive gasoline and diesel engines....."

Which is true but the author is assuming that you need to build one huge 5kw engine. You don't, multiple 500Watt engines AC wave outputs can be combined into a single AC wave with appropriate IGBT switching technology. For 10kw 22 engines would be needed with the construction costs much lower than it would have been for four 5kw engines.

Jim Dancy 1.5Kwatt system
moved

Electric car Stirling combination
South-Africa has huge landmass. Trees can be harvested and burned to power a StirlingEngine and charge a battery pack. http://newenergydirection.com/blog/2008/11/stirling-hybrid-electric-car/

http://www.thedailygreen.com/living-green/blogs/cars-transportation/dean-kamen-deka-revolt-electric-car-stirling-461108

http://newenergydirection.com/blog/2008/10/stirling-engine-project/ Extended discussion, links to links, bellows instead of piston

http://www.dekaresearch.com/

http://newenergydirection.com/blog/2008/10/stirling-engine-project/

Redrok
http://www.redrok.com/neat.htm#thermionic List of patents

http://www.redrok.com/tmendish.htm Solar furnace Combine this idea with the curved parabolic mirrors with, glue and ribs from the other site I can't remember just now. The redrok design eliminates wind loading by spaces between the smaller mirrors.

http://www.firgelliauto.com/product_info.php?cPath=78&products_id=49 Actuators 75kg force

http://www.redrok.com/electron.htm#vdish1

http://www.redrok.com/led3xassm.htm

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/stirlingmodelengine/

http://heetgasmodelbouw.ridders.nu/Webpaginas/pagina_ltd_stirling_met_cds/cd_dstirling_frameset.htm

http://www.redrok.com/NewtonSolarSteamManuscript.pdf steam turbine

http://www.practicalsolar.com/

http://www.sciencecenter.net/eesolar/projects/temecula/index.htm

http://www.stirlingengine.com/download/lockwood_chpt6.pdf

Google sites pages
http://sites.google.com/site/myhomesolar/articles/top-10-solar-technologies

http://www.pyronsolar.com/index.html

http://cleantechnica.com/2009/09/29/solar-energy-breakthrough-goal-of-mit-team/

http://cleantechnica.com/2009/09/23/solar-paint-could-make-those-white-roofs-even-better/ paint

http://www.covalentsolar.com/

http://www.foxbusiness.com/story/markets/industries/energy/akeena-solars-andalay-ac-recognized--breakthrough-product-popular-mechanics/

Infinia 3kw Stirling engine
moved to Stirling Infinia

Venture companies in green tech
http://www.greenvc.org/power_play_energy/

8ft balloons focusing on PV cells

 * http://www.coolearthsolar.com/ balloon solar focusing technology
 * http://www.coolearthsolar.com/CoolEarth_SP2006.pdf
 * http://www.patentstorm.us/applications/20080047546/fulltext.html
 * http://www.patentstorm.us/search.html?q=coolearth&s.x=0&s.y=0&s=s

Our inflated, balloon-shaped concentrators are key to Cool Earth's innovative design. Each 8-foot-diameter concentrator is made of plastic film—the same kind of plastic film used to bag potato chips, pretzels, and so on—with a transparent upper hemisphere and a reflective lower hemisphere. When inflated with air, the concentrator naturally forms a shape that focuses or concentrates sunlight onto a PV cell placed at the focal point. This means we need fewer cells to produce a lot more electricity. In fact, a single cell in our concentrator generates about 300 to 400 times the electricity of a cell without a concentrator.

wiki type project
Openfarm links to many sites such as
 * http://openfarmtech.org/index.php?title=Solar_Turbine Turbines
 * http://openfarmtech.org/index.php?title=Bladed_Turbine Turbine from MSc thesis
 * http://www.fossilfreedom.com/increase-output.html many projects vacuumed glass etc.

http://www.otherpower.com/otherpower_wind.shtml

http://www.opendesign.org/

Solar ring
http://www.svvti.com/about.htm ''Lens replaces Fresnel and trough designs. '' The Ring-Array Concentrator (RAC) is an ultra-powerful optical lens based on an array of nested ring reflectors. This patented design is completely free from the light-dispersion effects of conventional refractive lenses which allows for obtaining much higher efficiencies and concentrations for a broad range of electromagnetic energy spectrum. RAC forms a high-power beam on its rear side which can be ideal for many solar solar applications including high-concentration PV modules, electric generators based on Stirling heat engines, high-heat furnaces, hydrogen production, material processing, etc.

They claim it was patented, but the patent can't be found yet. There was a similar patent using rings but it expired in 2000. The rings were level, in the svvti.com design the rings rise up gradually.

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6971756.html Vasylyev Viktor holds one patent on solar energy
 * Concave slats instead of parabolic through design

Green power science
Non-patentable Stirling engines($285 - 40watt), which can easily be copied and reproduced with our own lathes and CNC machines. [url]http://www.greenpowerscience.com/SHOPHOME.html[/url] 40 to 500watt engine with parabolic and fresnel with youtube video. Multiple engines AC outputs are combined via IGBT, Mosfet etc. for a single large supply to power agriculture pumps, Fridges, air conditioners etc. Switching losses will be an issue, thus probably more viable for farms and small holdings, unless installed on flat roofs. Even 3.7kwatt can be built but at this size it gets expensive. Smaller 500Watt, each with its own heliostat, parabolic , Fresnel or Compound parabolic concentrator is used.

The whole issue is : build it yourself or create a community fund and buy the lathes etc. to crank out these machines. It can't be commercially reproduced at a reasonable cost. Thankfully there is nothing complicated about a generic Stirling engine.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gW7j3ioLQEw&feature=channel

Stirling Engine links
http://www.stirlingengine.com/faq/one?scope=public&faq_id=1

http://www.energytower.org/ Towers

http://www.stirlingengines.org.uk/manufact/manf/usa/new2.html See SolarAcademicLinks

http://sites.google.com/site/inaapt1/Home/web-page-files/StirlingPower.pdf Rhombic drive stirling more efficient than other designs

Dr. Senft's book "Ringbom Stirling Engines"

http://www.mech.canterbury.ac.nz/documents/testube.pdf

http://sites.google.com/site/openstirlingengine/Home/other-stirling-engine-sites-and-projects Alpha engine prototype

ing Engine operation can be found at:

http://www.keveney.com/Vstirling.html

http://www.keveney.com/Stirling.html

http://www.sfu.ca/~sfungc/stirlingengine.htm

http://techni.tachemie.uni-liepzig.de/stirling/

http://members.tripod.de/PeterFette/etatherm.htm

http://www.trainweb.org/tusp/news/fireless.html

http://www.trainweb.org/tusp/news/turbine.html

http://dialspace.dial.pipex.com/javatour/trains/modern12.htm

Whispergen.com
moved to http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Stirling_Whispergen

Quasiturbine
Moved to Engines2

science online
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHYbO53L_YY&feature=related

Purchase: http://hilaroad.com/video/ This video demonstrates how solar energy can be focused with a curved mirror. Once focused this energy can be used to cook food, sterilize water even create electricity. Includes an explanation of Energy, Power, Joules, Watts. Examples of radiant, heat, chemical and kinetic energy are given. Includes links to directions for constructing a simple solar concentrator.

CPC compact parabolic concentrator
Tailored edge-ray concentrators as ideal second stages for Fresnel reflectors. Tailer edged concentrator allows imperfect FresnelLens and mirror arrays.
 * http://openfarmtech.org/index.php?title=Non-imaging_optics
 * http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3774149

Seebeck effect
moved to Seebeck effect

sandia lab
http://www.energylan.sandia.gov/sunlab/sunlab.htm

Mechanical engineers working on Stirling engines
http://sites.google.com/site/mohamediqbalp/main/resume-html

links
http://www.pyronsolar.com/prod_description.html

The key to harnessing the sun’s power reliably can be found in Pyron Solar’s unique and proprietary 90kWp DC CPV generating system with dual axis solar tracking. It includes three, ideally spaced, 30 kWp DC arrays 15 m in diameter, all floating in water. The tracking system in azimuth is driven by small, low cost motors.

heat pumps and cooling
moved

other
http://www.solarovens.org/

http://www.cirkits.com/solar/solarlinks.html links to links

http://www.tonchev.org/hcaren.html

Organize better
http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/pdfs/patent_id/4707990.html

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/pdfs/patent_id/4079591.html

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/pdfs/patent_id/5005360.html

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/pdfs/patent_id/4982569.html

http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Parabolic_reflectors

http://www.3dlens.com/fresnellens.htm

http://www.charm.net/~jriley/energy/solarforge.html

http://www.top50-solar.de/en

http://solarcooking.wikia.com/wiki/Solar_Fryer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning-glass

http://www.countercurrents.org/mason311207.htm

http://inventors.about.com/od/blackinventors/a/Black_History_J_2.htm

http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/earth/4243793.html

http://www.gizmag.com/dean-kamen-segway-hybrid-scooter/12096/

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/4799778/fulltext.html

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/4875756/fulltext.html

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/4787722/fulltext.html

http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6037594/description.html

http://www.powerfromthesun.net/Chapter9/Chapter9new.htm#9.2%20%20%20%20Compound%20Parabolic%20Concentrators%20(CPC)

http://www.appropedia.org/Compound_parabolic_concentrator

http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/app/research/solar/clfr.html

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/9e6316cd6881a59c#

http://www.iedu.com/DeSoto/Projects/Stirling/HTAbsorber/

http://www.iedu.com/DeSoto/Projects/Stirling/HTAbsorber/Angles.html

http://www.iedu.com/DeSoto/Projects/Stirling/HTAbsorber/Grooves.html

http://www.sohara.org/

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/1712ea4fbac28896#

http://www.atlanticenergy.ca/projects/WayneLangilleSolarAirCollectors/tabid/72/Default.aspx

http://www.builditsolar.com/Projects/SpaceHeating/SolarBarn.pdf

http://www.builditsolar.com/Experimental/AirCollectors/AirCollectors.htm

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/d6bbe35ad91a0db6#

http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/difficulties.html

http://www.sopogy.com/

http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/collector.pdf

http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/pipe.html

http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/collector.html#quality

http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/index.html

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/ce87e47764434aee#

http://www.iedu.com/DeSoto/solar.html

http://cediac.uncu.edu.ar/ges.html

http://www.termo-gen.com/

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/0987e3f8628a38e9#

http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/storage.html

https://www.gyroscope.com/d.asp?product=ECOFAN2

https://www.gyroscope.com/TeslaTurbines/

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/78b748393dfbc724#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/62bebe78381ecb43#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/2b8943a9aa4ef920#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/9a758f0092440bb5#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/fe8b43c5ab4750cc#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/ee9ef94a5c4b3442#

http://www.builditsolar.com/Experimental/PEXCollector/PEXCollector.htm

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/5e3e0c1a416d4551#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/2f74512b27cbd2f1#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/topics?start=210&sa=N

http://arabic.jowhar.com/engi/

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/bf9a079a8bc45c21#

http://solarheatpower.veritel.com.au/Buie%20CLFR%20Paper.pdf

http://www.redrok.com/electron.htm#vdish1

http://www.redrok.com/led3xassm.htm

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/4b3ed8a65a2a9943#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/41428e473f4704cb#

http://groups.google.com/group/alt.solar.thermal/browse_thread/thread/2d82496d40141786#

http://www.svvti.com/technologies/index.htm

http://www.lifeaftertheoilcrash.net/Index.html

http://www.spaceandmotion.com/inventions/convert-petrol-motor-stirling-engine.htm

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/%7Ekhirata/academic/simple/simplee.htm

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/%7Ekhirata/academic/indexe.htm

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/%7Ekhirata/academic/kiriki/home.html

http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/%7Ekhirata/academic/schmidt/schmidt.htm

http://www.microchp.nl/stirling_engine.htm

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