Thermal storage

Popular mechanics
Letter by a person describing how he takes a galvanized tank and raps it in fiber glass. Finally sheets of polystyrene is rapped around the fiber glass enabling a storage tank that keeps hot water at the same temperature for two weeks.

wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energy_storage#Salt_hydrate_technology A container with a few cubic meters of salt could store enough of this thermochemical energy to heat a house throughout the winter

ziroth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9XMWHFzPs8 Rondo Energy have recently received millions of dollars in investments for their thermal battery which uses super heated bricks. When heating is required, they make much more sense than lithium-ion batteries as they are cheaper, use no critical materials, last longer, and are just as efficient. Therefore, the Rondo heat battery can end battery storage as an option for heat applications. https://rondo.com/, https://newatlas.com/energy/rondo-heat-battery-brick-toaster/, https://patents.google.com/patent/US20220170386A1/en

rocks 10 to 700 degrees
http://helioscsp.com/novel-concentrated-solar-power-design-combines-the-solar-receiver-with-thermal-energy-storage/ Due to the novel design of directly radiative heat transfer as well as circulation flow, their design facilitates a higher temperature process, with a good solar to exergy conversion ratio (how much thermal energy can be converted to power) of 52% and charging and discharging efficiencies well beyond 99% and 92% at 770°C.

The rocks/heated air combination allows for a much wider working temperature range than current CSP. Molten salt storage, the state of the art commercially, is good at transferring heat, but it has a working temperature range between from 290°C – 560°C from its coldest to hottest (it mustn’t get hotter or it becomes unstable about around 600°C).

Because the rocks are solar heated from outdoor air temperature (so from say 10°C to around 700°C) the result is a much greater working range, resulting in a much higher efficiency, making for lower cost electricity production.

https://www.solarpaces.org/australian-researchers-assess-the-commercial-viability-of-solar-alumina-calcining/

firebrick storage
https://progrss.com/sustainability/20170924/firebrick-footprint-century-later/ Developed as early as 1600 BC in what is modern-day Turkey, firebricks – which are essentially bricks made of clay capable of withstanding high temperatures – are being eyed by scientists for thermal heat storage.

http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph240/hallock1/

sand
http://www.ecosystems-design.com/climate-batteries.html and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9P28PaHdhc Our students have been busy designing and building our climate battery. In this episode we will detail all the steps along the way as we went from level ground back to level ground but with a climate battery and foundation wall we can build on!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXnEMFOSKhI DIY "5 Gallon Bucket" Sand Battery Air Heater! Homemade Sand Battery Air Heater with Copper! Easy DIY! ~ How it works: room temperature air is blown over a very hot "copper topped" sand battery located inside the bucket. the copper strips act somewhat similar to the fins of a radiator - soaking up and spreading out the heat. the fan then blows down on it and the air is heated. air temps in the bucket top out around 140F(60C) so it holds up fine. bucket is rated to 230F(110C). there's also 3.5" of sand in the bottom and plenty of air space between the sides of the bucket and the sand battery. there are many ways to heat the sand. several 'on' and 'off grid' options are listed near the end of the video. an AC or DC fan can be used. many possibilities for a unit like this. good for on or off grid use. can be solar powered. if you like sand battery technology, be sure to check out my other vids on the topic. they are a new and exciting technology. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8emwEairpM 3 simple DIY "Sand Battery" Air Heaters! all w/non-electric "heat powered" fans! all 3 units run totally off-grid! the hot sand in the 'sand battery' heats the air AND runs the stove fans! no electricity is needed! the hot air rises off the sand and the fans blow that hot air into the living space of a room. hot sand heat storage is a new and exciting technology. sand is great for storing heat *and can store it at very high temperatures. once the sand is heated, the unit (and it's fan) can run for hours! 3 different sand batteries are shown (along with 3 different size stove fans). the on-grid options for heating the sand are stove top or oven. off-grid options are numerous and include campfires, rocket stoves coal stoves, propane stoves, alcohol stoves. (a fresnel lens, a parabolic dish or a solar oven can also be used). a fresnel lens would probably heat the sand very fast. 🟢 Thanks for watching and please like, comment, subscribe and share the video around! 🙂🙂 About the fans: the fans have a thermoelectric chip in them. it converts the heat in the sand into electricity and that electricity powers the fans motor. Note that some larger sand batteries heat air through the use of pipes embedded in them. room temperature air is blown through the pipes and heats up. the resulting air that exits the pipe is very hot and is vented into the room.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264935189_Sand_as_a_Heat_Storage_Media_for_a_Solar_Application_Simulation_Results

Amadeus
Starting in January 2017, AMADEUS (www.amadeus-project.eu) is the first project funded by the European Commission to research on a new generation of materials and solid state devices for ultra-high temperature energy storage and conversion. By exploring storage temperatures well beyond 1000 ºC the project aims at breaking the mark of ~ 600ºC rarely exceeded by current state of the art TES (thermal energy storage) systems. AMADEUS Project, through a collaborative research between seven European partners, aims to create new PCMs (phase change materials) based on silicon and boron alloys with latent heats in the range of 1000-2000 kWh/m3, an order of magnitude greater than that of conventional molten salts used in CSP (concentrated solar power). Also, a new kind of solid-state device, the hybrid thermionic-photovoltaic converter, will be developed for heat to power conversion at very high temperatures in the range of 1000-2000 ºC. The final objective of the project is to develop a new kind of extremely compact energy storage device that will eventually lead to a new generation of modular CSP systems, new electricity storage devices for the housing and district sectors, or new systems for grid-scale storage applications. https://zenodo.org/communities/amadeus-737054/?page=1&size=20

http://www.amadeus-project.eu/publications.html

https://zenodo.org/record/1289792#.W5J74xi6LM0

Underwater energy bags
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktup6CAvfGo

cryogenic storage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDvlh_aG7iA

Hydrolic storage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3p_daUDvI8 Cut a huge cylindrical rock and lift it out of the ground with water. As it sags back under gravity it converts potential into kinetic energy.

Kinetic storage
https://stornetic.com/

greenhouse
http://solarenergyengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=2695484 pipe under ground for slow thermal release.

links
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_thermal_energy_storage#cite_note-25

Air Engine, Solar sintering, solar

http://www.solardishsystem.com/